stdio.h頭定義了三個(gè)變量的類型，幾個(gè)宏及各種功能進(jìn)行輸入和輸出。
以下是在頭stdio.h中定義的變量類型：
| S.N. | 變量和說明 |
|---|---|
| 1 |
size_t 這是一個(gè)無符號整數(shù)類型 sizeof關(guān)鍵字的結(jié)果。 |
| 2 |
FILE 這是一個(gè)對象的類型，適合用于存儲(chǔ)信息的一個(gè)文件流。 |
| 3 |
fpos_t 這是一個(gè)對象類型適用于存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)文件中的任何位置。 |
以下是在頭stdio.h中定義的宏：
| S.N. | 宏與說明 |
|---|---|
| 1 |
NULL 這個(gè)宏是一個(gè)空指針常量的值。 |
| 2 |
_IOFBF, _IOLBF and _IONBF 這些都是宏擴(kuò)大整型常量表達(dá)式具有鮮明的值和適合使用setvbuf函數(shù)的第三個(gè)參數(shù)。 |
| 3 |
BUFSIZ 這個(gè)宏是一個(gè)整數(shù)，它表示函數(shù)setbuf函數(shù)所使用的緩沖區(qū)的大小。 |
| 4 |
EOFM 此宏是一個(gè)負(fù)整數(shù)，表示一個(gè)結(jié)束-已到達(dá)文件結(jié)尾。 |
| 5 |
FOPEN_MAX 此宏是一個(gè)整數(shù)，代表文件的最大數(shù)目，該系統(tǒng)可以保證，可以同時(shí)打開。 |
| 6 |
FILENAME_MAX 這個(gè)宏是一個(gè)整數(shù)，表示一個(gè)字符數(shù)組，適合持有時(shí)間最長的可能的文件名長度最長。如果實(shí)現(xiàn)沒有任何限制，那么這個(gè)值應(yīng)該是推薦的最大值。 |
| 7 |
L_tmpnam 這個(gè)宏是一個(gè)整數(shù)，表示適合舉行由tmpnam函數(shù)創(chuàng)建的臨時(shí)文件名可能的最長的一個(gè)char數(shù)組的長度最長。 |
| 8 |
SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, and SEEK_SET 這些宏用于的fseek 函數(shù)定位在一個(gè)文件中的不同位置。 |
| 9 |
TMP_MAX 這個(gè)宏是唯一的文件名的功能使用tmpnam可以生成的最大數(shù)量。 |
| 10 |
stderr, stdin, and stdout 這些宏的文件類型對應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出流的指針。 |
以下是在頭stdio.h中定義的函數(shù)：
| S.N. | 函數(shù)及說明 |
|---|---|
| 1 |
void clearerr(FILE *stream) Clears the end-of-file and error indicators for the given stream. |
| 2 |
int fclose(FILE *stream) Closes the stream. All buffers are flushed. |
| 3 |
int feof(FILE *stream) Tests the end-of-file indicator for the given stream. |
| 4 |
int ferror(FILE *stream) Tests the error indicator for the given stream. |
| 5 |
int fflush(FILE *stream) Flushes the output buffer of a stream. |
| 6 |
int fgetpos(FILE *stream, fpos_t *pos) Gets the current file position of the stream and writes it to pos. |
| 7 |
FILE *fopen(const char *filename, const char *mode) Opens the filename yiibaied to by filename using the given mode. |
| 8 |
size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream) Reads data from the given stream into the array yiibaied to by ptr. |
| 9 |
FILE *freopen(const char *filename, const char *mode, FILE *stream) Associates a new filename with the given open stream and same time closing the old file in stream. |
| 10 |
int fseek(FILE *stream, long int offset, int whence) Sets the file position of the stream to the given offset. The argument offset signifies the number of bytes to seek from the given whence position. |
| 11 |
int fsetpos(FILE *stream, const fpos_t *pos) 設(shè)置到給定位置的給定的流文件中的位置。參數(shù)pos 是由函數(shù)的fgetpos 給定的位置。 |
| 12 |
long int ftell(FILE *stream) 返回給定流的當(dāng)前文件位置。 |
| 13 |
size_t fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream) Writes data from the array yiibaied to by ptr to the given stream. |
| 14 |
int remove(const char *filename) Deletes the given filename so that it is no longer accessible. |
| 15 |
int rename(const char *old_filename, const char *new_filename) Causes the filename referred to by old_filename to be changed to new_filename. |
| 16 |
void rewind(FILE *stream) Sets the file position to the beginning of the file of the given stream. |
| 17 |
void setbuf(FILE *stream, char *buffer) Defines how a stream should be buffered. |
| 18 |
int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buffer, int mode, size_t size) Another function to define how a stream should be buffered. |
| 19 |
FILE *tmpfile(void) Creates a temporary file in binary update mode (wb+). |
| 20 |
char *tmpnam(char *str) Generates and returns a valid temporary filename which does not exist. |
| 21 |
int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...) Sends formatted output to a stream. |
| 22 |
int printf(const char *format, ...) Sends formatted output to stdout. |
| 23 |
int sprintf(char *str, const char *format, ...) Sends formatted output to a string. |
| 24 |
int vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list arg) Sends formatted output to a stream using an argument list. |
| 25 |
int vprintf(const char *format, va_list arg) Sends formatted output to stdout using an argument list. |
| 26 |
int vsprintf(char *str, const char *format, va_list arg) Sends formatted output to a string using an argument list. |
| 27 |
int fscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...) Reads formatted input from a stream. |
| 28 |
int scanf(const char *format, ...) Reads formatted input from stdin. |
| 29 |
int sscanf(const char *str, const char *format, ...) Reads formatted input from a string. |
| 30 |
int fgetc(FILE *stream) Gets the next character (an unsigned char) from the specified stream and advances the position indicator for the stream. |
| 31 |
char *fgets(char *str, int n, FILE *stream) Reads a line from the specified stream and stores it into the string yiibaied to by str. It stops when either (n-1) characters are read, the newline character is read, or the end-of-file is reached, whichever comes first. |
| 32 |
int fputc(int char, FILE *stream) Writes a character (an unsigned char) specified by the argument char to the specified stream and advances the position indicator for the stream. |
| 33 |
int fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream) Writes a string to the specified stream up to but not including the null character. |
| 34 |
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