這是所有自定義包實(shí)現(xiàn)者應(yīng)該遵守的最佳實(shí)踐:
1)在包內(nèi)部,總是應(yīng)該從 panic 中 recover:不允許顯式的超出包范圍的 panic()
2)向包的調(diào)用者返回錯(cuò)誤值(而不是 panic)。
在包內(nèi)部,特別是在非導(dǎo)出函數(shù)中有很深層次的嵌套調(diào)用時(shí),對(duì)主調(diào)函數(shù)來(lái)說(shuō)用 panic 來(lái)表示應(yīng)該被翻譯成錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤場(chǎng)景是很有用的(并且提高了代碼可讀性)。
這在下面的代碼中被很好地闡述了。我們有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的 parse 包(示例 13.4)用來(lái)把輸入的字符串解析為整數(shù)切片;這個(gè)包有自己特殊的 ParseError
。
當(dāng)沒(méi)有東西需要轉(zhuǎn)換或者轉(zhuǎn)換成整數(shù)失敗時(shí),這個(gè)包會(huì) panic(在函數(shù) fields2numbers 中)。但是可導(dǎo)出的 Parse 函數(shù)會(huì)從 panic 中 recover 并用所有這些信息返回一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤給調(diào)用者。為了演示這個(gè)過(guò)程,在 panic_recover.go 中 調(diào)用了 parse 包(示例 13.5);不可解析的字符串會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤并被打印出來(lái)。
示例 13.4 parse.go:
// parse.go
package parse
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
"strconv"
)
// A ParseError indicates an error in converting a word into an integer.
type ParseError struct {
Index int // The index into the space-separated list of words.
Word string // The word that generated the parse error.
Err error // The raw error that precipitated this error, if any.
}
// String returns a human-readable error message.
func (e *ParseError) String() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("pkg parse: error parsing %q as int", e.Word)
}
// Parse parses the space-separated words in in put as integers.
func Parse(input string) (numbers []int, err error) {
defer func() {
if r := recover(); r != nil {
var ok bool
err, ok = r.(error)
if !ok {
err = fmt.Errorf("pkg: %v", r)
}
}
}()
fields := strings.Fields(input)
numbers = fields2numbers(fields)
return
}
func fields2numbers(fields []string) (numbers []int) {
if len(fields) == 0 {
panic("no words to parse")
}
for idx, field := range fields {
num, err := strconv.Atoi(field)
if err != nil {
panic(&ParseError{idx, field, err})
}
numbers = append(numbers, num)
}
return
}
示例 13.5 panic_package.go:
// panic_package.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"./parse/parse"
)
func main() {
var examples = []string{
"1 2 3 4 5",
"100 50 25 12.5 6.25",
"2 + 2 = 4",
"1st class",
"",
}
for _, ex := range examples {
fmt.Printf("Parsing %q:\n ", ex)
nums, err := parse.Parse(ex)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err) // here String() method from ParseError is used
continue
}
fmt.Println(nums)
}
}
輸出:
Parsing "1 2 3 4 5":
[1 2 3 4 5]
Parsing "100 50 25 12.5 6.25":
pkg parse: error parsing "12.5" as int
Parsing "2 + 2 = 4":
pkg parse: error parsing "+" as int
Parsing "1st class":
pkg parse: error parsing "1st" as int
Parsing "":
pkg: no words to parse